What is Bronchitis? Symptoms and Causes

What is Bronchitis?

Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchial tubes, which are the air passages that carry air to the lungs. There are two types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.

Bronchitis Symptoms

Acute bronchitis is a short-term condition that usually develops after a cold or upper respiratory infection. It causes symptoms such as:

• Coughing, often with thick yellow or green mucus
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Chest discomfort or pain
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Low-grade fever
• Nasal congestion
• Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, but it can also be caused by bacterial infections, irritants such as smoke or pollution, or allergies.

Bronchitis Causes

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition that is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It causes symptoms such as:

• Chronic coughing that produces mucus
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Chest tightness or discomfort
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Bluish lips or fingernail beds
• Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs

Chronic bronchitis is usually caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or chemical fumes. It is more common in people who smoke or who have a history of smoking.

Treatment for Bronchitis

Treatment for bronchitis depends on the type and severity of the condition. Acute bronchitis usually resolves on its own within a few weeks, and treatment may include rest, hydration, and over-the-counter cough suppressants or pain relievers. Chronic bronchitis may require ongoing treatment, such as bronchodilators or steroids to open the airways, and oxygen therapy to improve breathing. Quitting smoking and avoiding irritants is also an important part of managing chronic bronchitis.